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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

449
Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
449
Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

452
The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
452
Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

539
Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
539
Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management01:25

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

491
Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, necessitates diligent nursing management to ensure effective patient care and recovery. The initial step in managing pericarditis is a comprehensive patient medical assessment.The patient reports chest pain aggravated by breathing, coughing, and swallowing, which worsens when lying supine. The pain often improves when sitting up and leaning forward. Additional symptoms may include fever, malaise, and, in severe cases, signs of heart failure.
491
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

395
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
395
Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

282
Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
282

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An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model
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Constrictive Pericarditis: A Practical Clinical Approach.

William R Miranda1, Jae K Oh1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
|January 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a treatable cause of diastolic heart failure. Early diagnosis via echocardiography and other imaging, followed by surgical pericardiectomy or anti-inflammatory therapy, improves outcomes.

Keywords:
ConstrictionConstrictive pericarditisPericardium

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Cardiovascular Imaging

Background:

  • Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a severe form of diastolic heart failure caused by pericardial noncompliance.
  • Its prevalence is unknown, but it affects 0.2-0.4% of patients with a history of cardiac surgery, pericardial trauma, or inflammation.
  • Untreated CP has a poor prognosis, but it is a potentially curable condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of high clinical suspicion for CP in patients with right-sided heart failure, especially with relevant medical history.
  • To review diagnostic modalities for CP, including echocardiography, advanced imaging, and cardiac catheterization.
  • To discuss treatment options, including surgical pericardiectomy and anti-inflammatory therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic tools for constrictive pericarditis.
  • Echocardiography as the primary diagnostic imaging modality.
  • Role of CT, MRI, and cardiac catheterization in diagnosis and management.

Main Results:

  • Echocardiography can reliably diagnose CP through characteristic cardiac motion and hemodynamic features.
  • CT and MRI provide valuable supplementary data, particularly in inconclusive cases.
  • Cardiac catheterization, while a gold standard, may be unnecessary with clear non-invasive findings.

Conclusions:

  • CP is a potentially curable cause of heart failure, with surgical pericardiectomy offering good outcomes at specialized centers.
  • Prompt diagnosis is crucial, with cardiologists needing a high index of suspicion.
  • Anti-inflammatory therapy can be curative in subacute cases with active inflammation.