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Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons
Published on: August 23, 2016
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Sexually acquired Zika virus: a systematic review
J Moreira1, T M Peixoto2, A M Siqueira1
1Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Summary
Zika virus (ZIKV) can be sexually transmitted, persisting in male genital fluids long after symptom recovery. This highlights the importance of understanding sexual transmission routes for ZIKV prevention.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Zika virus (ZIKV) is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
- Circumstantial evidence suggests sexual transmission of ZIKV.
- Understanding transmission routes is crucial for public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the incidence of sexually acquired Zika virus cases.
- To investigate the shedding patterns of ZIKV in genital fluids.
- To evaluate the risk of sexual transmission.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, etc.) and ZIKV notification records.
- Inclusion of studies reporting sexual ZIKV acquisition or ZIKV detection in genital fluids.
- Risk of bias assessment using the National Institute of Health Tool.
Main Results:
- 18 studies reported on sexual ZIKV transmission and 21 on ZIKV in genital fluids.
- Sexual transmission occurred via male-female, female-male, and male-male contact, predominantly through unprotected vaginal intercourse.
- ZIKV RNA was detected in semen up to 188 days post-symptom onset, with infectious virus isolated up to 69 days; ZIKV was detected in female genital samples up to 13 days.
Conclusions:
- Zika virus is potentially sexually transmitted.
- ZIKV can persist in male genital secretions for extended periods post-symptom onset.
- This finding has significant implications for ZIKV prevention and control strategies.
