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Graphene quantum dots with nitrogen-doped content dependence for highly efficient dual-modality photodynamic
Wen-Shuo Kuo1, Hua-Han Chen2, Shih-Yao Chen3
1Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC; Allergy & Clinical Immunology Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC.
Abstract:
Reactive oxygen species is the main contributor to photodynamic therapy. The results of this study show that a nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot, serving as a photosensitizer, was capable of generating a higher amount of reactive oxygen species than a nitrogen-free graphene quantum dot in photodynamic therapy when photoexcited for only 3 min of 670 nm laser exposure (0.1 W cm-2), indicating highly improved antimicrobial effects. In addition, we found that higher nitrogen-bonding compositions of graphene quantum dots more efficiently performed photodynamic therapy actions than did the lower compositions that underwent identical treatments. Furthermore, the intrinsically emitted luminescence from nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and high photostability simultaneously enabled it to act as a promising contrast probe for tracking and localizing bacteria in biomedical imaging. Thus, the dual modality of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots presents possibilities for future clinical applications, and in particular multidrug resistant bacteria.
