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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Constant Pressure Calorimetry03:02

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

99.5K
Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

51.0K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions
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Is sodium a superconductor under high pressure?

Roxanne Tutchton1, Xiaojia Chen2, Zhigang Wu1

  • 1Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|January 9, 2017
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Superconductivity in sodium (Na) under high pressure is weak. Theoretical calculations suggest a critical temperature (Tc) below 1.2 K, even at extreme pressures before a metal-to-insulator transition.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Superconductivity in alkali metals is often observed under high pressure.
  • Previous computations predicted a very low critical temperature (Tc) for sodium in its face-centered cubic (fcc) phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive first-principles investigation of superconductivity in sodium (Na) up to 260 GPa.
  • To evaluate the critical temperature (Tc) and electron-phonon coupling in various Na phases under high pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized linear-response calculations and density functional perturbation theory.
  • Analyzed phonon spectra and electron-phonon coupling for body-centered cubic (bcc), fcc, cI16, and tI19 phases of Na.
  • Calculated critical temperatures using established formalisms.

Main Results:

  • The maximum electron-phonon coupling parameter (λ) was found to be 0.5 for the cI16 phase.
  • A theoretical peak critical temperature (Tc) of approximately 1.2 K was predicted for the cI16 phase at 130 GPa.
  • Critical temperature decreased rapidly with pressure changes from 130 GPa, attributed to limited p-d hybridization.

Conclusions:

  • Superconductivity in sodium under high pressure, prior to the metal-to-insulator transition, is predicted to be very weak or immeasurable.
  • Existing theoretical models may overestimate critical temperatures for alkali metals like sodium.