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Related Concept Videos

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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
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UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the...
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When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
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IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet VUV Synchrotron Radiation
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Vacuum-ultraviolet frequency-modulation spectroscopy.

U Hollenstein1, H Schmutz1, J A Agner1

  • 1Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|January 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frequency-modulation (FM) spectroscopy now reaches the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) range. This new VUV FM technique offers background-free measurements for atomic and molecular spectra.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy
  • Laser Physics
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Frequency-modulation (FM) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for high-resolution spectroscopy.
  • Extending FM spectroscopy to the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) spectral region presents significant challenges due to the lack of suitable coherent VUV sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel method for performing frequency-modulation spectroscopy in the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) spectral range.
  • To showcase the advantages of VUV FM spectroscopy, including its background-free nature and applicability to cold samples.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of coherent VUV laser radiation via resonance-enhanced sum-frequency mixing (2νUV + ν2) in Krypton (Kr) and Xenon (Xe).
  • Utilizing sidebands generated by an electro-optical modulator on one of the laser sources (ν2) for VUV FM spectroscopy.
  • Recording VUV FM spectra with demodulation at νmod and 2νmod.

Main Results:

  • Successful extension of frequency-modulation spectroscopy into the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) spectral region.
  • Demonstration of background-free VUV absorption spectra acquisition for Ar, Kr, and N2.
  • Simultaneous recording of VUV FM, laser-induced fluorescence, and photoionization spectra from cold samples in supersonic beams.

Conclusions:

  • The developed VUV FM spectroscopy technique is a versatile and advantageous tool for studying atomic and molecular species.
  • The method's implementation with table-top laser equipment makes it accessible for various spectroscopic investigations.
  • This technique opens new avenues for high-resolution VUV spectroscopy of cold molecular beams.