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Copper-associated Chronic Hepatitis in Dogs.

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Positron Emission Tomography Using 64-Copper as a Tracer for the Study of Copper-Related Disorders
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Canine Copper-Associated Hepatitis.

Karen Dirksen1, Hille Fieten1

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|January 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Copper-associated hepatitis in dogs involves liver copper buildup, leading to severe liver damage. Diagnosis requires liver biopsy, and treatment includes copper chelators and dietary management.

Keywords:
ATP7AATP7BBedlington terrierCOMMD1DogLabrador retrieverLiverWilson disease

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Hepatology
  • Canine Genetics

Background:

  • Copper-associated hepatitis is increasingly diagnosed in dogs.
  • The condition causes hepatic copper accumulation, leading to hepatitis and cirrhosis.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on histological assessment and copper quantification from liver biopsies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and treatment of copper-associated hepatitis in dogs.
  • To discuss the genetic basis of copper metabolism disorders in specific breeds.
  • To highlight the role of diet in managing canine copper hepatopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Histologic assessment of liver biopsies for copper distribution.
  • Quantitative analysis of copper levels in liver tissue.
  • Review of genetic mutations associated with copper metabolism (COMMD1, ATP7A, ATP7B).
  • Evaluation of treatment strategies including d-penicillamine and dietary modification.

Main Results:

  • Liver biopsy is essential for diagnosing copper-associated hepatitis.
  • d-penicillamine is a common treatment for copper chelation.
  • Low-copper/high-zinc diets aid in preventing copper accumulation.
  • Genetic mutations in COMMD1 and ATP7B are linked to copper metabolism in Bedlington terriers and Labrador retrievers, respectively.
  • Dietary copper intake significantly influences disease phenotype in Labrador retrievers.

Conclusions:

  • Copper-associated hepatitis is a significant canine liver disease requiring accurate diagnosis via liver biopsy.
  • Treatment involves copper chelation and dietary management, with genetic factors playing a role in predisposed breeds.
  • Understanding genetic predispositions and dietary influences is crucial for managing canine copper hepatopathy.