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Related Concept Videos

Protein Import into the Peroxisomes01:27

Protein Import into the Peroxisomes

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Cells contain membrane-bound organelles called peroxisomes that oxidize organic molecules by transferring hydrogen atoms to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomes enzymatically convert the released hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
Peroxisomal Protein Import:
Peroxisomes lack the genetic machinery required to code for their own proteins. Hence, most peroxisomal membrane, lumenal and transmembrane proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm or ER and transported to the peroxisome...
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Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

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Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
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Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Peroxisomes and Mitochondria01:30

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Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.
The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cellular organelle that can perform several different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. The enzymes within...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Real-Time Analysis of Bioenergetics in Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Using High-Resolution Respirometry
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Peroxisomal Dysfunction in Age-Related Diseases.

Cynthia M Cipolla1, Irfan J Lodhi1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|January 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peroxisomes are vital for metabolism and health. Their dysfunction is increasingly linked to aging and diseases like diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer, suggesting therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
agingneurodegenerationperoxisomepexophagyreactive oxygen species

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Peroxisomes are essential organelles involved in lipid and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism.
  • Genetic disorders highlight the critical role of peroxisomes in human health.
  • Altered peroxisomal function is implicated in aging and acquired diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding peroxisomal dysfunction in acquired diseases.
  • To explore the pathophysiological implications of peroxisomal dysfunctions beyond inherited disorders.
  • To assess the potential of targeting peroxisomal function for disease prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on peroxisomal function and disease.
  • Analysis of emerging evidence connecting peroxisomal dysfunction to aging and acquired pathologies.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on the role of peroxisomes in diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer.

Main Results:

  • Peroxisomal dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a contributor to aging.
  • Evidence links peroxisomal dysregulation to the pathogenesis of diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.
  • Pathophysiological roles of peroxisomal dysfunction are being elucidated in various acquired conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Peroxisomal dysfunction has significant implications for acquired diseases.
  • Targeting peroxisomal pathways presents a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention.
  • Further research into peroxisomal roles in non-inherited diseases is warranted.