[Gene pool of Siberian Tatars: Five ways of origin for five subethnic groups]

A T Agdzhoyan ^1,2,3, E V Balanovska ², A D Padyukova ⁴

⁰Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.

Molekuliarnaia Biologiia +

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January 9, 2017

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

Genetic analysis reveals Siberian Tatars are highly diverse, with distinct origins for each subethnic group. Their gene pools show connections to indigenous Siberian, Northeastern European, and Western Asian populations, refuting a unified Mongolian origin.

Area Of Science

Population Genetics
Human Evolutionary Studies
Anthropology

Background

Siberian Tatars, the largest Turkic-speaking group in Western Siberia, exhibit a complex ethnically diverse population structure.
Understanding their genetic landscape is crucial for deciphering Siberian and Central Asian population history.

Purpose Of The Study

To investigate the genetic diversity and origins of five distinct subethnic groups of Tobol-Irtysh Siberian Tatars.
To analyze the Y-chromosomal genetic landscape of Siberian Tatars and compare it with neighboring and related populations.

Main Methods

Analysis of 50 informative Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 388 samples from five Siberian Tatar subethnic groups.
Application of population genetic methods, including FST calculations, to assess genetic differentiation.
Full Y-chromosome sequencing to identify deeper genetic traces and historical gene flow.

Main Results

Siberian Tatars display significant genetic diversity (FST = 21%), indicating strong differentiation among subethnic groups.
Each subethnic group possesses a unique genetic profile: Isker-Tobol (indigenous Siberian + Northeastern European), Yalutorovsky (Western Asian), Siberian Bukhar (Western Caucasus-related), Ishtyak-Tokuz (Paleo-Siberian), and Zabolotny (Ugric/Samoyedic-related).
A weak Central Asian genetic component (2%) dated to 900 years ago was detected, largely refuting the Mongolian origin hypothesis.

Conclusions

Siberian Tatars represent a strongly differentiated ethnic gene pool with diverse origins for its constituent subethnic groups.
Genetic data supports multiple ancestral sources, including local Siberian populations, Northeastern Europe, Western Asia, and the Caucasus.
The findings challenge the traditional Mongolian hypothesis and highlight the complex peopling history of Siberia.

Keywords:

Tobol-Irtysh Siberian Tatars Y chromosome ancient Siberian component ethnogenesis gene geography gene pool haplogroup migrations subethnic groups

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