Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 9, 2026

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
Published on: October 4, 2019
Enantioselective Resolution of (R,S)-Carvedilol to (S)-(-)-Carvedilol by Biocatalysts
Swetha Ettireddy1, Vijitha Chandupatla1, Ciddi Veeresham2
1University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, 506 009, India.
Abstract:
Among the microorganisms employed in the study, Aspergillus niger (GUFCC5443), Escherichia coli (ATCC9637), Streptomyces halstedii (CKM-2), Pseudomonas putida (NCIB9494), Cunninghamella elegans (NCIM689) and Sphingomonas paucimobilis (NCTC11030) were capable for the enantioselective conversion of racemic Carvedilol. Immobilization technique enhanced the enantioselectivity of microorganisms and thus increased the enantiomeric purity of the drug. Excellent enantiomeric ratios (E) were found in reactions catalyzed by immobilized A. niger and E. coli with values 174.44 and 104.26, respectively. Triacylglycerol lipase from Aspergillus niger was also employed in this study as a biocatalyst which resulted in the product with 83.35% enantiomeric excess (ee) and E of 11.34 while the enzyme on immobilization has yielded 99.08% ee and 216.39 E. The conversion yield (C%) of the drug by free-enzyme was 57.42%, which was enhanced by immobilization to 90.51%. Hence, our results suggest that immobilized triacylglycerol lipase from A. niger (Lipase AP6) could be an efficient biocatalyst for the enantioselective resolution of racemic Carvedilol to (S)-(-)-Carvedilol with high enantiomeric purity followed by immobilized cultures of A. niger and E. coli.
Related Concept Videos
Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers
Drug Biotransformation: Overview
Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon-Containing Systems
Oxidation reactions are fundamental in aromatic carbon-containing systems. An example is the hydroxylation of phenobarbital, a process that transforms it into...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry
Sharpless Epoxidation
Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity

