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Related Experiment Video

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Assessing Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Species Barriers with an In Vitro Prion Protein Conversion Assay
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Estimating Trace Element Emissions Using USGS Coal Data.

Prasad R Tumati1, Richard A Bilonick2

  • 1a CON SOL Inc , Library , Pennsylvania.

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)
|January 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Analyzing United States Geological Survey (USGS) coal data reveals that spatially weighted averages significantly improve trace element concentration estimates compared to simple averages. This method enhances accuracy for coal quality assessments and national emissions predictions.

Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Statistical Modeling

Background:

  • The COALQUAL database, compiled by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), contains publicly available coal deposit sample data.
  • The data collection lacked a specific sampling plan, making direct analysis statistically complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of sampling methodology on coal quality estimates, specifically trace element concentrations.
  • To develop and validate regression models for predicting trace element changes after coal washing.
  • To compare the accuracy of spatially weighted averages versus equally weighted averages for coal trace element analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Spatially weighted averaging was applied to estimate trace element concentrations across a coal field.

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  • Regression models were developed to predict trace element concentrations based on ash and sulfur content.
  • Model predictions were compared against actual values and those generated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

    • Main Results:

    • Spatially weighted averages for trace elements differed substantially from equally weighted averages, with percentage differences up to 42%.
    • Regression models explained up to 89% of the variance in trace element concentrations due to ash and sulfur content.
    • Predictions from developed models for specific mines were more accurate than EPA's predictions using equally weighted averages.

    Conclusions:

    • Spatially weighted averaging offers a more accurate method for estimating coal trace element concentrations from non-ideal datasets.
    • Regression models effectively predict the impact of coal washing on trace element levels.
    • Stratified random sampling, based on power plant boiler size, is recommended for accurate national emissions estimation.