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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Increased fronto-striatal reward prediction errors moderate decision making in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

T U Hauser1, R Iannaccone2, R J Dolan1

  • 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging,University College London,London WC1N 3BG,UK.

Psychological Medicine
|January 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients exhibit heightened reward prediction error (RPE) signals in brain regions crucial for learning and decision-making. This hyper-responsive learning network may underlie indecisiveness in OCD.

Keywords:
Age of onsetanterior cingulate cortexobsessive–compulsive disorderreinforcement learningreward prediction errors

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with fronto-striatal network dysfunction.
  • Impaired decision-making and learning are characteristic of OCD.
  • Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying these deficits remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate neural mechanisms of decision-making in OCD.
  • Examine reward prediction errors (RPEs) in OCD patients.
  • Relate RPEs to fronto-striatal network function.

Main Methods:

  • Used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study RPEs in OCD patients and controls.
  • Applied reinforcement learning models to analyze behavioral parameters and neural RPE signals.
  • Included early and late onset OCD patient groups.

Main Results:

  • OCD patients showed significantly increased RPE responses in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and putamen compared to controls.
  • OCD patients exhibited a lower perseveration parameter.
  • Neural RPE signals differed significantly between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced RPE signals in ACC and putamen confirm fronto-striatal deficits in OCD.
  • Abnormally strong RPEs suggest a hyper-responsive learning network in OCD.
  • This hyper-responsivity may explain indecisiveness and intolerance of uncertainty in OCD.