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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
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Muscles of the Abdomen01:21

Muscles of the Abdomen

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The abdominal wall encircles the abdominal cavity, providing flexible protection and shielding the internal organs from harm. It is bordered at the top by the xiphoid process and costal margins, at the back by the vertebral column, and at the bottom by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament. The abdominal wall is divided into two regions — the anterolateral and posterior regions.
Anterolateral Region
The anterolateral region comprises five paired muscles classified into the lateral and...
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Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Axial and Appendicular Muscles01:18

Axial and Appendicular Muscles

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Skeletal muscles, the key players in our body's movement, can be classified into two groups based on their location and function: axial muscles and appendicular muscles. These classifications reflect the primary roles the muscles play in the body's structure and movement.
Axial Muscles
Axial muscles, situated along the body's midline, are intricately connected to the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles facilitate facial expressions and...
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Muscles of the Thorax01:25

Muscles of the Thorax

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The thorax muscles are central to the body's respiration and provide essential support and movement for the upper body. They are intricately designed to facilitate the complex breathing process while also contributing to the structural integrity and mobility of the chest and upper limbs.
The diaphragm is at the core of thoracic musculature, the primary muscle involved in breathing. This expansive, dome-shaped muscle marks the division between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It...
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Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:12

Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

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The connective tissues play a significant role in arranging the muscle fibers into a hierarchical structure that forms a complete muscle. Consider a muscle like the bicep brachii, commonly called the bicep. This muscle comprises thousands of muscle fibers enclosed by a protective layer of connective tissue called the endomysium. The endomysium is primarily composed of reticular fibers, a type of thin collagen fiber. It allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products at the fiber level,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve
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Muscle complex saving posterior sagittal anorectoplasty.

Maher Zaiem1, Feras Zaiem2

  • 1Maternity and Children Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia 21955, P. O Box 13255.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|January 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Muscle Complex Saving-Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty (MCS-PSARP) preserves the anal sphincter muscle complex, offering a less invasive approach for anorectal malformations (ARM). Early results are encouraging, aiming for improved continence outcomes.

Keywords:
Anorectal malformationModified PSARPMuscle complex saving PSARPPSARPPosterior sagittal anorectoplasty

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Three-dimensional Navigation-guided, Prone, Single-position, Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Technique
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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Surgical Innovation
  • Anorectal Malformations

Background:

  • Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) is a standard surgical technique for anorectal malformations (ARM).
  • The traditional PSARP involves dividing the levator muscle and muscle complex, potentially disrupting the sphincter mechanism.
  • A novel approach, Muscle Complex Saving-Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty (MCS-PSARP), aims to preserve these structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the Muscle Complex Saving-Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty (MCS-PSARP) technique.
  • To evaluate the feasibility and early outcomes of MCS-PSARP in male patients with ARM.
  • To highlight the benefits of preserving the muscle complex for continence.

Main Methods:

  • Six male patients with ARM underwent MCS-PSARP.
  • The technique involves dissecting the rectal pouch and dividing the rectourethral fistula while keeping the lower sphincter mechanism intact.
  • Only the upper part of the sphincter mechanism, the levator muscle, was divided.

Main Results:

  • MCS-PSARP was feasible in all presented cases.
  • The rectal pouch dissection and rectourethral fistula division were successfully achieved.
  • Early results are encouraging, though long-term functional outcomes are pending.

Conclusions:

  • MCS-PSARP offers a less invasive surgical option for ARM.
  • Preserving the muscle complex intact maximizes the potential of existing continence mechanisms.
  • This technique may lead to better functional outcomes by maintaining the integrity of the sphincter.