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Grammar Is a System That Characterizes Talk in Interaction.

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Summary

Formal grammar theories often ignore spoken language features like disfluencies. This study shows these features are rule-governed, advocating for their inclusion in grammar formalisms for better linguistic analysis.

Keywords:
gestures and multimodal grammarinteraction and the competence/performance distinctionnon-sentential utterancesquotationself-repair and other-repairsemantics of dialogue

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Mainstream formal grammar theories primarily analyze idealized language, excluding phenomena common in spoken interaction.
  • Features like disfluencies, non-sentential utterances, and gestures are often omitted from formal grammatical analyses.
  • These elements are ubiquitous in actual spoken language and interaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that phenomena in spoken interaction, such as disfluencies and gestures, are rule-governed.
  • To argue for the integration of these spoken language features into formal grammar.
  • To highlight the potential benefits for linguistic analysis and related disciplines.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesizing evidence from linguistics, conversation analysis, and multimodal communication.
  • Incorporating findings from psychology, language acquisition, and neuroscience.
  • Examining emerging tools in theoretical and computational linguistics for characterizing spoken language phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Spoken language features, including disfluencies and gestures, exhibit rule-governed behavior comparable to traditional linguistic phenomena.
  • Recent advancements in theoretical and computational linguistics offer tools for precise characterization of these features.
  • Excluding these phenomena from grammar is based on pre-theoretical assumptions rather than empirical necessity.

Conclusions:

  • Grammar formalisms should encompass phenomena from actual spoken interaction, not just idealized language.
  • Including spoken interaction features enhances linguistic analysis of face-to-face communication.
  • This integrated approach benefits sister disciplines like spoken dialogue systems and language acquisition research.