Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

3.2K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
3.2K
Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

1.0K
Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...
1.0K
Complement System01:27

Complement System

11.5K
The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
11.5K
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

3.3K
Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
3.3K
Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

816
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin,...
816
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

1.7K
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Leptospira glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (LiGAPDH): a cell-surface plasminogen binding protein.

FEMS microbiology letters·2026
Same author

Leptospirosis-associated pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome: immune mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and experimental models.

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo·2026
Same author

Culture-attenuated pathogenic Leptospira lose the ability to survive complement lytic activity due to decreased C4BP uptake.

Microbes and infection·2025
Same author

Complement C3 deficiency enhances renal leptospiral load and inflammation while impairing T cell differentiation during chronic <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> infection.

Infection and immunity·2025
Same author

Complement C3 Deficiency Enhances Renal Leptospiral Load and Inflammation While Impairing T Cell Differentiation During Chronic <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Infection.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Proteolytic activity of secreted proteases from pathogenic leptospires and effects on phagocytosis by murine macrophages.

Microbes and infection·2025
Same journal

Research advances and application prospects of CAR-T therapy in the treatment of age-related diseases.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

Machine learning-driven identification and immunohistochemical validation of an integrated immune-inflammatory phenotype for disease-free survival stratification in breast cancer.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

Modified treatment protocol for pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with central nervous system involvement: a case report.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

Exploratory characterization of IgG1/IgG4 glycosylation and monocyte-derived dendritic cell responses in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

JAK-STAT pathway-associated skin diseases: a refined functional framework for inflammatory skin diseases.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

Cross-talk among novel programmed cell death pathways: a decisive network in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Application of CRISPR Interference CRISPRi for Gene Silencing in Pathogenic Species of Leptospira
14:49

Application of CRISPR Interference CRISPRi for Gene Silencing in Pathogenic Species of Leptospira

Published on: August 14, 2021

5.8K

Complement Evasion by Pathogenic Leptospira.

Tatiana Rodrigues Fraga1, Lourdes Isaac1, Angela Silva Barbosa2

  • 1Laboratory of Complement, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.

Frontiers in Immunology
|January 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leptospira bacteria evade the host immune system by using multiple strategies to disarm the complement system. These mechanisms include recruiting host proteins and secreting proteases to prevent bacterial killing.

Keywords:
Leptospiracomplement systemimmune evasionleptospirosisserum resistance

More Related Videos

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach
04:25

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach

Published on: August 8, 2025

1.3K
Immuno-fluorescence Assay of Leptospiral Surface-exposed Proteins
10:47

Immuno-fluorescence Assay of Leptospiral Surface-exposed Proteins

Published on: July 1, 2011

16.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Application of CRISPR Interference CRISPRi for Gene Silencing in Pathogenic Species of Leptospira
14:49

Application of CRISPR Interference CRISPRi for Gene Silencing in Pathogenic Species of Leptospira

Published on: August 14, 2021

5.8K
Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach
04:25

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach

Published on: August 8, 2025

1.3K
Immuno-fluorescence Assay of Leptospiral Surface-exposed Proteins
10:47

Immuno-fluorescence Assay of Leptospiral Surface-exposed Proteins

Published on: July 1, 2011

16.3K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Leptospirosis, a neglected infectious disease caused by Leptospira, poses a significant public health challenge.
  • The host complement system is crucial for innate and acquired immunity against invading pathogens like Leptospira.

Approach:

  • This review explores the sophisticated strategies employed by pathogenic Leptospira to evade complement-mediated killing.
  • Mechanisms discussed include recruitment of host complement regulators, acquisition of host proteases, and secretion of bacterial proteases.

Key Points:

  • Leptospira recruits complement regulators such as Factor H (FH), C4b-binding protein (C4BP), and vitronectin (Vn) to inhibit complement pathways.
  • Leptospiral surface binding of plasminogen (PLG) leads to plasmin-mediated degradation of key complement components (C3b, C4b, C5).
  • Pathogenic Leptospira secrete metalloproteases that cleave central complement proteins (C3, Factor B, C4, C2), further disrupting immune function.

Conclusions:

  • These multifaceted complement evasion mechanisms collectively ensure Leptospira survival and multiplication within the host.
  • Understanding these strategies is vital for developing effective therapeutic interventions against leptospirosis.