Zebrafish (Danio rerio) behaviour is largely unaffected by elevated pCO₂

Ocean acidification, the decrease in ocean pH caused by anthropogenic emission of carbon dioxide, can cause behavioural disturbances in marine teleost species. We investigated whether AB-strain zebrafish (Danio rerio) show similar behavioural disturbances in the presence of elevated CO₂, because this model species could open up a toolbox to investigate the physiological and neurological mechanisms of CO₂ exposure. We found no effect of elevated CO₂ (~1600 μatm) on the behaviour of zebrafish in the open field test, indicating that zebrafish are largely insensitive to this elevated CO₂ level. In the detour test of lateralization, however, zebrafish exposed to elevated CO₂ swam more often to the right, whereas individuals exposed to control CO₂ (~400 μatm) had no preference for left or right. This may indicate that some behaviours of some freshwater fishes can be altered by elevated CO₂ levels. Given that elevated CO₂ levels often occur in recirculating aquaculture and aquarium systems, we recommend that dissolved CO₂ levels are measured and, if necessary, the aquarium water should be aerated, in order to exclude CO₂ level as a confounding factor in experiments.