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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
Published on: August 12, 2013
Fluorine-free electrolytes for all-solid sodium-ion batteries based on percyano-substituted organic salts
Anna Bitner-Michalska1, Gene M Nolis1, Grażyna Żukowska1
1Polymer Ionics Research Group, Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University, of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
Abstract:
A new family of fluorine-free solid-polymer electrolytes, for use in sodium-ion battery applications, is presented. Three novel sodium salts withdiffuse negative charges: sodium pentacyanopropenide (NaPCPI), sodium 2,3,4,5-tetracyanopirolate (NaTCP) and sodium 2,4,5-tricyanoimidazolate (NaTIM) were designed andtested in a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix as polymer electrolytes for anall-solid sodium-ion battery. Due to unique, non-covalent structural configurations of anions, improved ionic conductivities were observed. As an example, "liquid-like" high conductivities (>1 mS cm-1) were obtained above 70 °C for solid-polymer electrolyte with a PEO to NaTCP molar ratio of 16:1. All presented salts showed high thermal stability and suitable windows of electrochemical stability between 3 and 5 V. These new anions open a new class of compounds with non-covalent structure for electrolytes system applications.
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