Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

909
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
909
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

876
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
876
Language Development01:22

Language Development

1.0K
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
1.0K
Language01:16

Language

973
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
973
Translation01:31

Translation

21.1K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
21.1K
Translation01:31

Translation

158.7K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
158.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Across the levels of analysis: Explaining predictive processing in humans requires more than machine-estimated probabilities.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same author

Addendum: Assessing suitable habitat for freshwater mussel reintroductions using 3D-printed subadultreplicates.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Representations of Nonlocal Syntactic Dependencies Feed Verb Learning in Infancy.

Developmental science·2026
Same author

Shared Neural Computations for Syntactic and Morphological Structures: Evidence From Mandarin Chinese.

Cognitive science·2026
Same author

Blueberries and fingerprints: ERP insights into compound structure in production.

Cognitive neuropsychology·2026
Same author

Neural recordings of continuous speech reveal robust signatures of prediction in second language learners of English.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

Testing the predictions of a distinctiveness model of memory: The production effect in backward recall.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

On the impact of adjacency on transposed-word effects under serial presentation.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

It's time to opt out: Metacognitive analysis of time regulation under uncertainty.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

The role of statistical learning in attentional guidance during search through naturalistic scenes.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Representing objects and features in long-term memory: A case for direct feature-feature binding.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Crossmodal correspondences influence adaptation during rule-based category learning of objects.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.4K

Coreference and antecedent representation across languages.

Sol Lago1, Shayne Sloggett2, Zoe Schlueter1

  • 1Department of Linguistics, University of Maryland.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|January 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that German speakers quickly access the meaning of words when processing pronouns, unlike English speakers. This suggests language grammar influences how we retrieve information during reading.

More Related Videos

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

949
Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
08:32

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Published on: September 5, 2019

6.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.4K
Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

949
Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
08:32

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Published on: September 5, 2019

6.0K

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Pronoun resolution in languages with syntactic gender (e.g., German) may involve accessing lexical information of antecedents.
  • Languages without syntactic gender (e.g., English) might not require such lexical retrieval for pronoun processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether antecedent retrieval for pronoun resolution involves rapid semantic and phonological reactivation in German and English.
  • To explore cross-linguistic differences in antecedent retrieval based on grammatical features.

Main Methods:

  • Eye-tracking while reading was employed to measure reading behavior.
  • Participants read sentences in German and English involving pronoun resolution.

Main Results:

  • German readers showed early sensitivity to semantic features of the pronoun's antecedent.
  • No immediate semantic or phonological effects specific to coreference were observed in English readers.
  • Phonological features of the antecedent did not influence processing in either language.

Conclusions:

  • Early semantic facilitation in German is likely linked to syntactic gender reactivation.
  • Antecedent retrieval processes during language comprehension vary across languages, influenced by grammatical requirements.
  • Grammatical properties, such as syntactic gender, shape cognitive mechanisms underlying language processing.