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Using perspective to resolve reference: The impact of cognitive load and motivation
James E Cane1, Heather J Ferguson2, Ian A Apperly3
1Division of Psychology, School of Applied Science, London South Bank University.
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|January 10, 2017
Summary
Motivation and cognitive resources impact perspective-taking during communication. High working memory load hinders using another's viewpoint, especially without rewards, affecting comprehension and recall.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Psycholinguistics
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Working memory load (WML) is known to affect cognitive functions.
- Perspective-taking is crucial for effective communication and social interaction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how WML influences the time course of perspective-taking in referential communication.
- To examine the moderating role of motivation on the relationship between WML and perspective-taking.
Main Methods:
- Eye tracking was employed during a referential communication task.
- Two experiments manipulated WML and motivation (reward/time pressure).
Main Results:
- Without motivation, perspective use occurred late in processing and was unaffected by WML.
- With motivation, perspective cues were used early but only under low WML.
- High WML, coupled with motivation, impaired perspective-taking and concurrent WML recall.
Conclusions:
- Perspective cues guide rapid interpretation when motivation and cognitive resources are sufficient.
- Cognitive resource limitations, particularly under high WML, can impede perspective-taking abilities.
- Motivation can enhance perspective-taking, but its effectiveness is constrained by available cognitive resources.
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