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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

158.7K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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Proteins: From Genes to Degradation02:11

Proteins: From Genes to Degradation

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Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick.  Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA...
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

25.5K
Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.8K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Quantifying Tissue-Specific Proteostatic Decline in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Quantifying Tissue-Specific Proteostatic Decline in Caenorhabditis elegans

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TRIM proteins and diseases.

Masashi Watanabe1, Shigetsugu Hatakeyama1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.

Journal of Biochemistry
|January 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ubiquitination, a key protein modification, involves enzymes like E3 ubiquitin ligases. Tripartite Motif (TRIM) proteins, often E3 ligases, are implicated in regulating various diseases, highlighting their crucial roles.

Keywords:
E3 ubiquitin ligaseTRIM proteindiseasesproteasomeubiquitin

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Ubiquitination is a critical posttranslational modification regulating diverse cellular processes.
  • The ubiquitin system degrades proteins and modulates signaling pathways.
  • E3 ubiquitin ligases, including most Tripartite Motif (TRIM) proteins, identify target proteins for ubiquitination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the involvement of TRIM proteins in the etiology of various diseases.
  • To highlight the regulatory roles of TRIM proteins in disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on TRIM proteins and disease.
  • Analysis of the functions of TRIM proteins as E3 ubiquitin ligases.

Main Results:

  • TRIM proteins, predominantly E3 ubiquitin ligases, play significant roles in cellular regulation.
  • Dysregulation or specific functions of TRIM proteins are linked to numerous diseases.
  • These diseases span cancer, inflammatory, infectious, and developmental disorders.

Conclusions:

  • TRIM proteins are crucial regulators involved in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of diseases.
  • Understanding TRIM protein function is vital for developing therapeutic strategies for associated diseases.