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Competition

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Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.

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Speciation Rates

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Formation of Species

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Cultivation of the Marine Pelagic Tunicate Dolioletta gegenbauri Uljanin 1884 for Experimental Studies

Cultivation of the Marine Pelagic Tunicate Dolioletta gegenbauri Uljanin 1884 for Experimental Studies

Published on: August 9, 2019

Do settlement dynamics influence competitive interactions between an alien tunicate and its native congener?

Sarah Bouchemousse¹, Laurent Lévêque², Frédérique Viard¹

¹Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 6 Station Biologique de Roscoff 29680 Roscoff France; CNRS UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin Equipe DIVCO Station Biologique de Roscoff 29680 Roscoff France.

Ecology and Evolution

|January 11, 2017

Summary

Marine invertebrate settlement dynamics, crucial for population abundance, were studied in native and non-native species. Similar settlement timing was observed, but the non-native species showed lower density, suggesting environmental factors influence competition.

Keywords:

Ciona spp.congeneric species long‐term coexistence marine invaders settlement

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Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations

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Area of Science:

Marine biology
Ecology
Invasive species research

Background:

Early life stages (larvae, juveniles) significantly influence marine invertebrate population dynamics and competitive interactions.
Understanding settlement dynamics is key to predicting invasion success, especially when native and non-native species (NNS) coexist.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the settlement dynamics and rates of two closely related, invasive and native ascidian species: *Ciona robusta* (NNS) and *Ciona intestinalis* (native).
To investigate how settlement patterns contribute to the coexistence and potential dominance of these species in the western English Channel.

Main Methods:

Utilized settlement panels deployed monthly over 2-4 years in four marinas.
Employed species-diagnostic molecular markers to accurately identify and quantify juveniles of both *Ciona* species (N=1,650).

Main Results:

Both *Ciona* species exhibited similar settlement dynamics, with two distinct settlement periods annually.
The non-native *Ciona robusta* displayed lower settlement density but significant recruitment in the post-warm season period.
Temporal changes in settlement were more pronounced in the non-native species, suggesting higher environmental sensitivity.

Conclusions:

Settlement dynamics alone do not confer dominance through space monopolization between these two *Ciona* species.
Environmental factors, such as temperature and salinity, may differentially affect the non-native species, potentially altering future competitive interactions and species dominance.