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Effects of Mechanical Methods Used in Peri-implantitis Treatment on Implant Surface Decontamination and Roughness
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Deer leather: analysis of the microstructure affecting pebble.

Hannah C Wells1, Katie H Sizeland1,2, Sue M Cooper3

  • 1School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
|January 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Deer leather's characteristic "pebble" pattern is crucial for quality. Poorly pebbled deer leather exhibits a less open grain structure and reduced tear strength compared to well-pebbled leather.

Keywords:
cervinecollagenleatherloosenessorientationpebblesmall angle X-ray scatteringultrasonic imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Textile Science
  • Leather Technology

Background:

  • Deer leather quality is significantly defined by its 'pebble' pattern; its absence indicates a defective product.
  • Understanding the structural basis of this pattern is essential for leather processing and quality control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural characteristics of well-pebbled versus poorly pebbled cervine (deer) leathers.
  • To elucidate the relationship between leather structure and the visible pebble pattern.

Main Methods:

  • Synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
  • Ultrasonic imaging
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
  • Tear tests

Main Results:

  • Poorly pebbled leather shows a less open structure in the upper grain region compared to well-pebbled leather.
  • The orientation index (OI) is lower in poorly pebbled leather, especially in the corium.
  • Tear strength is significantly reduced in poorly pebbled cervine leather.

Conclusions:

  • Structural differences in deer leather's pebble pattern are distinct from those observed in bovine leathers.
  • Good pebble in deer leather may correlate with an internal structure resembling looseness.
  • Knowledge of these structural characteristics can guide the development of methods to maintain pebbling during deer leather processing.