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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Second-order false belief reasoning is crucial for understanding others' mental states.
  • The roles of working memory and syntactic recursion in this development are debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contributions of second-order syntactic recursion and working memory to second-order false belief reasoning.
  • To identify the primary predictor of second-order false belief development in children.

Main Methods:

  • Tested 89 Turkish children aged 4–8 years on second-order false belief, simple and complex working memory span tasks, and second-order syntactic recursion.
  • Employed ordinal logistic regression analysis to determine predictors.

Main Results:

  • Second-order syntactic recursion significantly correlated with second-order false belief tasks.
  • Complex working memory span emerged as the main predictor of second-order false belief reasoning.
  • Complex working memory tasks uniquely involved serial processing and reasoning demands.

Conclusions:

  • Children's second-order theory of mind development is facilitated by efficient serial processing of embedded beliefs.
  • Complex working memory strategies are essential for overcoming serial processing bottlenecks in reasoning.