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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult...
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Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
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Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library
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Mesenchymal MicroRNA Function Branches Out.

Huojun Cao1, Liu Hong2, Brad A Amendt3

  • 1Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

Developmental Cell
|January 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exosomes carry microRNAs (miRs) that are crucial for fetal development. Mesenchymal cells secrete exosomal miRs regulating epithelial progenitor cell expansion in developing salivary glands.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cell signaling
  • Extracellular vesicles

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRs) are abundant in exosomes, but their roles in fetal development remain unclear.
  • Exosomes are key mediators of intercellular communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of exosomal miRs during mammalian organogenesis.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which mesenchymal cells influence epithelial progenitor cells via exosomal miRs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of microRNA content in exosomes.
  • In vivo studies of salivary gland development in mice.
  • Investigating cell-cell communication pathways.

Main Results:

  • Mesenchymal cells secrete exosomal microRNAs.
  • These exosomal microRNAs regulate the expansion of epithelial KIT+ progenitor cells.
  • This process is critical for salivary gland organogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomal microRNAs play a significant role in regulating progenitor cell proliferation during fetal development.
  • Mesenchymal-derived exosomal miRs are essential for salivary gland formation.