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Related Concept Videos

Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

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Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II  is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction....
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia01:35

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Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However,...
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In vitro Cell Migration and Invasion Assays
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In vitro Cell Migration and Invasion Assays

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Cell Migration: Making the Waves.

Jan Müller1, Michael Sixt1

  • 1Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.

Current Biology : CB
|January 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell shape changes during migration are driven by actin cytoskeleton dynamics. New research reveals protrusion waves emerge from the interplay between cell adhesions, membrane tension, and actin machinery.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Coordinated cell shape changes are fundamental to many biological processes.
  • The actin cytoskeleton exhibits excitable, wave-like dynamics that can drive these shape changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying protrusion waves in migrating cells.
  • To elucidate the role of mechanochemical crosstalk in cell migration dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced microscopy techniques to observe cell behavior.
  • Employed biophysical models to analyze actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell mechanics.

Main Results:

  • Identified protrusion waves as a key feature of migrating cells.
  • Demonstrated that these waves originate from mechanochemical crosstalk.
  • Highlighted the interplay between adhesion sites, membrane tension, and actin machinery.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanochemical crosstalk is crucial for generating protrusion waves in migrating cells.
  • Understanding these dynamics provides insights into cell migration and tissue morphogenesis.