Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

82.9K
During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
82.9K
Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

5.4K
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
5.4K
Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus01:15

Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus

4.4K
Development of the reproductive organs in an embryo starts from a bipotential state. This means the early embryo can develop either male or female reproductive organs. The formation of these organs begins with the growth of gonadal ridges that arise from the intermediate mesoderm during the fifth week of development.
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the...
4.4K
Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

220.9K
Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
220.9K
X and Y Chromosomes02:32

X and Y Chromosomes

30.8K
Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
30.8K
Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

110.1K
Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
110.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Type, severity, frequency and management of adverse reactions associated with ultrasound contrast agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

European radiology·2026
Same author

CEUS in Atypical Renal Cystic Masses: How, When and Why.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2026
Same author

The Predictive Value of Computed Tomography and HA3D Nephrometry Scores for Complications After Partial Nephrectomy: A Prospective Pilot Study.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment as a therapeutic option for penile calciphylaxis.

Asian journal of urology·2026
Same author

Safety of positive gastrointestinal contrast media. Updated guidelines by the ESUR Contrast Media Safety Committee.

European radiology·2026
Same author

The Italian Society of Urology Statement on focal therapy for localized prostate cancer.

Minerva urology and nephrology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Microsurgical Obstruction of Testes Fusion in Spodoptera litura
03:38

Microsurgical Obstruction of Testes Fusion in Spodoptera litura

Published on: July 16, 2021

2.8K

A singular case of polyorchidism.

Giacomo Di Cosmo1, Tommaso Silvestri, Stefano Bucci

  • 1Department of Urology and Radiology, University of Trieste. giacomo.dicosmo@gmail.com.

Archivio Italiano Di Urologia, Andrologia : Organo Ufficiale [Di] Societa Italiana Di Ecografia Urologica E Nefrologica
|January 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Polyorchidism, a rare congenital anomaly, presents diagnostic and management challenges due to uncertain malignant potential. Further research is needed to standardize follow-up and treatment strategies for this condition.

More Related Videos

Murine Orchiectomy and Ovariectomy to Reduce Sex Hormone Production
09:36

Murine Orchiectomy and Ovariectomy to Reduce Sex Hormone Production

Published on: November 17, 2023

15.5K
Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst
03:10

Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst

Published on: March 31, 2023

13.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Microsurgical Obstruction of Testes Fusion in Spodoptera litura
03:38

Microsurgical Obstruction of Testes Fusion in Spodoptera litura

Published on: July 16, 2021

2.8K
Murine Orchiectomy and Ovariectomy to Reduce Sex Hormone Production
09:36

Murine Orchiectomy and Ovariectomy to Reduce Sex Hormone Production

Published on: November 17, 2023

15.5K
Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst
03:10

Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst

Published on: March 31, 2023

13.0K

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Congenital Anomalies

Background:

  • Polyorchidism is a rare congenital anomaly where individuals have more than two testes.
  • The exact etiology and long-term implications of polyorchidism remain poorly understood.
  • Optimal clinical and therapeutic management strategies are not well-defined.

Observation:

  • A case of polyorchidism was incidentally discovered.
  • The potential for malignancy and complications with conservative management requires further investigation.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) shows promise in differentiating polyorchidism from other masses.

Findings:

  • The optimal follow-up scheme for polyorchidism is currently undefined.
  • There is insufficient evidence to standardize the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for polyorchidism diagnosis.
  • The malignant potential and complication rates associated with conservative management are unclear.

Implications:

  • Standardized diagnostic and follow-up protocols for polyorchidism are needed.
  • Further studies are required to clarify the malignant potential and risks of conservative management.
  • Establishing evidence-based guidelines for polyorchidism treatment is crucial for patient care.