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Related Concept Videos

Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

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Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Teratogenicity01:07

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
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Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

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Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis: a case-control study.

P Hadji1,2, J Boekhoff3, M Hahn3

  • 1Department of Bone Oncology, Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, German Reference Centre for Pregnancy-Associated Osteoporosis, Nordwest Hospital of the Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488, Frankfurt a. M, Germany. hadji.peyman@khnw.de.

Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA
|January 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis (PAO) is a rare, severe condition causing multiple fractures, often in the spine. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial due to delayed symptom recognition.

Keywords:
Fracture riskPregancy associated osteoporosisRisk factors

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
07:12

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

Published on: September 28, 2017

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Bone Metabolism and Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Health
  • Osteoporosis Research

Background:

  • Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis (PAO) is a rare, severe form of premenopausal osteoporosis.
  • It often presents with vertebral fractures during late pregnancy or postpartum.
  • Underlying mechanisms and risk factors for PAO remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze risk factors and characteristics of pregnancy-associated osteoporosis.
  • To evaluate potential differences between PAO patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 102 PAO patients and 102 matched healthy controls.
  • Data collection included baseline characteristics, anthropometrics, fracture history, and medical history.

Main Results:

  • PAO patients experienced a high burden of fractures (mean 3.3 per patient), predominantly in the thoracolumbar spine.
  • PAO patients reported more childhood dental problems and severe maternal diseases.
  • Reduced physical activity (sports) and increased immobilization were noted in PAO patients compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis is a heterogeneous and severe disease with significant fracture incidence.
  • A notable delay exists between symptom onset and diagnosis, necessitating increased clinical awareness.
  • Early recognition and intervention are vital for managing PAO effectively.