Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
10:04

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

19.4K

Optimizing the management of children with latent tuberculosis infection

E Venturini1, C Tersigni1, E Chiappini1

  • 1a Department of Health Sciences , University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital , Florence , Italy.

Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
|January 12, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in children is challenging due to imperfect tests. A three-month treatment of isoniazid and rifampicin is recommended for safety and efficacy.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Tuberculosis research
  • Public health

Background:

  • Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) management in children is critical due to disease burden and progression risk.
  • Accurate diagnosis of LTBI in pediatric populations remains a significant challenge.
  • Current diagnostic methods lack a gold standard for differentiating infection from active disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of LTBI diagnosis, management, and treatment in children.
  • To review current literature on LTBI in pediatric populations.
  • To inform clinical practice and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of English language articles on pediatric LTBI.
  • Literature search conducted on PubMed using specific keywords and standardized terminology.
  • Inclusion criteria: articles published between January 1, 2010, and July 1, 2016.

Main Results:

  • Tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are available but have suboptimal specificity and sensitivity.
  • Neither TST nor IGRA can reliably distinguish between LTBI and active tuberculosis disease.
  • A three-month regimen of isoniazid and rifampicin is recommended for its safety and efficacy profile.

Conclusions:

  • Improved diagnostic tools for pediatric LTBI are needed.
  • The recommended treatment regimen enhances patient adherence and treatment completion rates.
  • Development of new tuberculosis vaccines is crucial given the ongoing spread of the disease.
Abstract

Keywords:
Latent tuberculosischildrendiagnosismanagementtreatment

More Related Videos

An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis09:34

An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis

Published on: August 16, 2021

2.3K
Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice06:32

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

Published on: September 19, 2016

11.2K

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
719
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
1.8K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
592
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
1.2K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
1.1K
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
343