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Acute encephalopathy associated with measles.

R Kumar, A Kumar, A Dubey

    Indian Journal of Pediatrics
    |May 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Acute encephalopathy following measles disproportionately affects young males, with fever, seizures, and coma being common. This severe neurological complication has a high mortality rate, underscoring the need for further research.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Neurology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Measles is a highly contagious viral illness.
    • Acute encephalopathy is a rare but severe neurological complication that can follow measles infection.
    • Understanding the clinical presentation and outcomes of measles-associated encephalopathy is crucial for pediatric care.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of acute encephalopathy in children following measles.
    • To identify risk factors and common symptoms associated with this condition.

    Main Methods:

    • A retrospective study of thirty children with acute encephalopathy within one month of measles onset.
    • Clinical data including age, sex, interval from measles rash to encephalopathy, presenting symptoms, neurological findings, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and mortality were collected.

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    Main Results:

    • A male preponderance was observed, with 83.3% of cases occurring in children under five years old.
    • Common symptoms included fever (96.6%), convulsions (70%), and coma (90%). Focal neurological deficits and abnormal movements were less frequent.
    • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed pleocytosis in only one case (3.3%), and mortality was 36.6%.

    Conclusions:

    • Acute encephalopathy following measles is a serious condition predominantly affecting young males.
    • The clinical presentation is characterized by fever, seizures, and coma, with limited cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities.
    • The high mortality rate highlights the severity of this post-infectious neurological complication.