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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
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Primary Healthcare Services01:30

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Operant Conditioning Intervention

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Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
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The case management model is a multidisciplinary approach that involves healthcare professionals from diverse disciplines, such as physicians, nurses, therapists, social workers, and pharmacists, working collaboratively to address the various needs of patients. Each healthcare professional brings unique expertise and perspectives, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the patient's condition and tailoring treatment plans accordingly.
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Patient-centered care involves delivering care beyond inpatient hospitalization. Reflective practice can enhance a patient-centered approach. Reflective practice is a process of reasoning that considers all aspects of the present situation, including practicalities, learning from personal practice, and consideration of patient needs. Patients appreciate care decisions made while considering their input. Involving the patient in their care provides the patient with a sense of contribution rather...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

A Familiarization Protocol Facilitates the Participation of Children with ASD in Electrophysiological Research
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Autism Spectrum Disorder: Primary Care Principles.

Kristian E Sanchack1, Craig A Thomas2

  • 1Naval Hospital Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

American Family Physician
|January 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is crucial. Experts recommend screening at 18- and 24-month well-child visits, as early behavioral interventions improve outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Pediatric psychology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors.
  • The DSM-5 consolidated previous diagnoses into a single ASD diagnosis.
  • Current evidence does not support routine screening for ASD in asymptomatic infants aged 18-30 months.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of early identification of autism spectrum disorder.
  • To highlight the benefits of early intensive behavioral interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current evidence regarding screening and intervention for ASD.
  • Expert recommendations for screening at 18- and 24-month well-child visits.

Main Results:

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  • Early intensive behavioral intervention, particularly applied behavior analysis, shows promise in improving cognitive, language, and adaptive skills.
  • Medications may help manage maladaptive behaviors and comorbid conditions but are not a cure for ASD.
  • Prognosis is linked to diagnostic severity and intellectual disability.

    • Conclusions:

    • Early identification and intervention are critical for improving outcomes in children with ASD.
    • Validated screening tools at routine pediatric visits are recommended for early detection.
    • Optimal outcomes are associated with early, intensive behavioral interventions and reduced pharmacologic treatment.