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The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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Testosterone therapy and prostate cancer.

Alexander W Pastuszak1, Katherine M Rodriguez2, Taylor M Nguyen2

  • 1Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA;; Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Translational Andrology and Urology
|January 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Testosterone therapy (TTh) may be safe for men with a history of prostate cancer (CaP), improving quality of life with limited evidence of recurrence. More research is needed, especially for low-risk CaP patients.

Area of Science:

Keywords:
Hypogonadismhormone replacementprostate cancer (CaP)prostatectomyradiation therapytestosterone

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  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Hypogonadism significantly impacts men's quality of life.
  • Exogenous testosterone use for hypogonadism in prostate cancer (CaP) survivors is controversial due to recurrence concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence largely supports the safe and effective use of TTh in men with a history of CaP.
  • Further research is essential to definitively establish the unequivocal safety of TTh, particularly in low-risk CaP patients.