Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

3.4K
The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
3.4K
Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

68.3K
Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
68.3K
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

2.6K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.6K
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

20.1K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
20.1K
Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

6.0K
How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
6.0K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

4.2K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
4.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dynamics and master transcription factors dependence of intestinal super-enhancers during differentiation and oncogenesis.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Guiding Principles: Current Practices and Considerations for Benchmarking Human Gastrointestinal Organoids.

Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology·2026
Same author

RUNX2 promotes chromatin accessibility and WNT signaling in inflamed intestinal epithelial cells.

Mucosal immunology·2026
Same author

Holistic, Patient-Centered Care: Factors That Shape Providers at a Low-Resource Hospital in Kenya.

The Journal of surgical research·2026
Same author

A unique blend of five human milk oligosaccharides supports recovery of infant microbiome composition and function after <i>ex vivo</i> antibiotic use.

Frontiers in pediatrics·2026
Same author

Dynamic Reprogramming of PDGFRA-Expressing Stromal Cells Facilitates WNT-Driven Transformation by Promoting a Fetal-Like State in the Intestinal Epithelium.

Cancer research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

A Protocol for Lentiviral Transduction and Downstream Analysis of Intestinal Organoids
10:58

A Protocol for Lentiviral Transduction and Downstream Analysis of Intestinal Organoids

Published on: April 20, 2015

32.9K

LGR4 and LGR5 Function Redundantly During Human Endoderm Differentiation.

Yu-Hwai Tsai1, David R Hill1, Namit Kumar2

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|January 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is induced during definitive endoderm differentiation and is required for efficient human endoderm development by potentiating Wnt signaling.

Keywords:
CDX2, caudal type homeobox2ChIPseq, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencingCt, cycle thresholdDE, definitive endodermE, embryonic dayEndodermGFP, green fluorescent proteinIntestineLGR5OrganoidPluripotent Stem CellsRspo, R-spondin proteinWNTcreER, cre recombinase protein fused to estrogen receptorhESC, human embryonic stem cellmRNA, messenger RNAqRT-PCR, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactionshRNA, short hairpin RNA

More Related Videos

A Novel Mammary Fat Pad Transplantation Technique to Visualize the Vessel Generation of Vascular Endothelial Stem Cells
12:41

A Novel Mammary Fat Pad Transplantation Technique to Visualize the Vessel Generation of Vascular Endothelial Stem Cells

Published on: August 3, 2017

9.6K
Generation and Culture of Lingual Organoids Derived from Adult Mouse Taste Stem Cells
07:57

Generation and Culture of Lingual Organoids Derived from Adult Mouse Taste Stem Cells

Published on: April 5, 2021

5.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

A Protocol for Lentiviral Transduction and Downstream Analysis of Intestinal Organoids
10:58

A Protocol for Lentiviral Transduction and Downstream Analysis of Intestinal Organoids

Published on: April 20, 2015

32.9K
A Novel Mammary Fat Pad Transplantation Technique to Visualize the Vessel Generation of Vascular Endothelial Stem Cells
12:41

A Novel Mammary Fat Pad Transplantation Technique to Visualize the Vessel Generation of Vascular Endothelial Stem Cells

Published on: August 3, 2017

9.6K
Generation and Culture of Lingual Organoids Derived from Adult Mouse Taste Stem Cells
07:57

Generation and Culture of Lingual Organoids Derived from Adult Mouse Taste Stem Cells

Published on: April 5, 2021

5.1K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor (LGR) family members (LGR4, LGR5, LGR6) function as receptors for R-spondin (RSPO) proteins, enhancing Wnt signaling.
  • LGR5 is well-characterized in various contexts, but its role in early human embryonic development and tissue differentiation remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function and expression of LGR family members during early human embryonic development and tissue differentiation.
  • To explore the role of LGR receptors in definitive endoderm induction and Wnt signaling potentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized human pluripotent stem cell-derived tissues, including definitive endoderm, mid/hindgut, and intestinal organoids.
  • Performed embryonic lineage tracing in Lgr5-GFP-IRES-CreERT2 reporter mice.

Main Results:

  • LGR5 is a key component of the human definitive endoderm gene signature, with robust transcript induction during differentiation.
  • LGR4 and LGR5 are essential for efficient human endoderm induction.
  • Lgr5 reporter activity was observed in mouse embryonic endoderm, enabling lineage tracing into the adult intestine, though species-specific differences were noted.

Conclusions:

  • LGR5 is induced during definitive endoderm differentiation.
  • LGR receptors are functionally indispensable for definitive endoderm induction.
  • LGR receptors potentiate Wnt signaling during definitive endoderm differentiation.