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PET Imaging of Neuroinflammation Using [11C]DPA-713 in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke
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Postischemic Inflammation in Acute Stroke.

Simone Vidale1, Arturo Consoli2, Marco Arnaboldi3

  • 1Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy. simone.vidale@asst-lariana.it.

Journal of Clinical Neurology (Seoul, Korea)
|January 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cerebral ischemia, caused by blocked arteries, triggers damaging brain processes and immune responses. While inflammation can worsen injury, it also aids in brain protection and repair after stroke.

Keywords:
immune responseinflammationischemic stroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Cerebral ischemia, resulting from arterial occlusion, initiates complex pathophysiological cascades including bioenergetic failure, acidosis, and excitotoxicity.
  • These mechanisms culminate in neuronal death through apoptosis or necrosis, impacting brain tissue.
  • The immune system's early involvement post-injury can exacerbate infarct size, particularly in the penumbra region.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on the inflammatory process following arterial cerebral occlusion.
  • It emphasizes the dual role of inflammation and the immune system in both detrimental effects and protective/reparative functions.
  • The focus is on the specific roles of individual mediators within the inflammatory cascade.

Key Points:

  • Arterial occlusion in cerebral ischemia leads to a cascade of cellular dysfunctions.
  • Immune responses contribute to both the expansion of brain damage and initiate protective mechanisms.
  • Understanding inflammatory mediators is crucial for therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation plays a complex, multifaceted role in cerebral ischemia, presenting both challenges and therapeutic opportunities.
  • The immune system's involvement is critical in the acute phase and subsequent repair processes.
  • Targeting specific inflammatory mediators may offer novel treatment avenues for stroke.