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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...
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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
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Adolescent Shin Pain.

Jeremy Korsh, Douglas Matijakovich, Charles Gatt

    Pediatric Annals
    |January 13, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Adolescent athletes experiencing shin pain often have tibial stress reactions, commonly termed shin splints. Early diagnosis and rest are key for recovery and preventing long-term bone health issues.

    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Pediatric Orthopedics
    • Musculoskeletal Injuries

    Background:

    • Shin pain is a frequent complaint among adolescent athletes.
    • The term "shin splints" is often used but typically refers to a tibial stress reaction due to overuse.
    • Overuse injuries arise when repetitive bone microtrauma surpasses the body's healing capacity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the diagnosis and management of shin splints in adolescent athletes.
    • To emphasize the significance of understanding these injuries for primary care physicians.
    • To discuss the implications of stress fractures on long-term bone health.

    Main Methods:

    • Diagnosis relies on characteristic patient history and physical examination findings.
    • Radiographs and advanced imaging are infrequently required but can offer prognostic insights.

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  • Treatment primarily involves adequate rest and modification of exercise regimens.

    • Main Results:

    • Return-to-sport timelines are contingent upon the injury's location and severity.
    • Addressing modifiable risk factors is crucial due to the long-term bone health implications of stress fractures.
    • Primary care physicians must recognize the importance of these injuries.

    Conclusions:

    • Shin splints in young athletes are typically overuse injuries requiring rest and modified activity.
    • Proper management and understanding of risk factors are essential for preventing chronic bone health problems.
    • Physicians play a vital role in the timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment of these common injuries.