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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

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The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
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Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

Ionic Strength: Overview

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The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution...
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
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Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application
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Ionic Strength Responsive Sulfonated Polystyrene Opals.

Luca Nucara1,2, Vincenzo Piazza3, Francesco Greco2

  • 1The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera (PI) 56025, Italy.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New smart photonic crystals (PCs) change color with ionic strength, offering a versatile new material for environmental and healthcare sensors. These responsive materials are easily made and fully recoverable.

Keywords:
colloidscore−shell particlesionic strength sensorspolyelectrolytesstimuli-responsive opals

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Stimuli-responsive photonic crystals (PCs) are advanced smart materials with significant potential in sensing technologies.
  • Developing selective and easily fabricated responsive PCs is crucial for practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the development of polymeric PCs selectively responsive to ionic strength.
  • To demonstrate a facile fabrication method for these smart materials.

Main Methods:

  • Partial sulfonation of polystyrene opals to create hydrogel-like ordered structures.
  • Investigating the optical response of the sulfonated PCs across a wide range of ionic concentrations.
  • Testing the material's response independence from pH and temperature, and its recoverability.

Main Results:

  • The photonic crystals exhibited continuous color shifts across the entire visible spectrum (405-760 nm) in response to ionic strength.
  • The color response was observed over an exceptionally broad concentration range (70 μM to 4 M).
  • The optical response was unaffected by pH and temperature variations, and the original color was restored upon washing with pure water.

Conclusions:

  • Partially sulfonated polystyrene opals represent a novel class of smart photonic materials.
  • These materials show great promise as highly sensitive and selective ionic strength sensors.
  • Potential applications include environmental monitoring and healthcare screening due to their ease of fabrication and robust optical response.