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'Bodily precision': a predictive coding account of individual differences in interoceptive accuracy.

Vivien Ainley1, Matthew A J Apps2, Aikaterini Fotopoulou3

  • 1Laboratory of Action and Body, Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK v.l.ainley@rhul.ac.uk.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individual differences in interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) are explained by the precision of internal bodily signals. Attention modulates this precision, influencing how the brain weighs internal sensations against predictions.

Keywords:
free energyheartbeat perceptioninteroceptioninteroceptive accuracypredictive coding

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Interoception, the awareness of internal bodily states, varies among individuals.
  • Interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) is commonly measured by heartbeat perception.
  • Existing research lacks a unified theoretical framework for IAcc differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a theoretical explanation for individual differences in interoceptive accuracy (IAcc).
  • To apply principles from the free energy/predictive coding framework to IAcc.
  • To link IAcc to the concept of 'precision' within interoceptive systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling based on predictive coding principles.
  • Analysis of existing literature on interoception and IAcc.
  • Hypothesizing the role of attention in modulating interoceptive precision.

Main Results:

  • Individual differences in IAcc are proposed to stem from variations in the precision of interoceptive signals.
  • Precision is defined as the relative weighting of prior representations and prediction errors.
  • Attention is suggested to optimize precision, allowing individuals to prioritize interoception.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model explains existing findings in interoception research, including seemingly contradictory results.
  • This framework offers insights into the cognitive, behavioral, and psychopathological implications of varying IAcc.
  • Understanding interoceptive precision may be key to understanding mental health and well-being.