Capturing the Moment of Fusion Loss in Intermittent Exotropia

To characterize eye movements made by patients with intermittent exotropia when fusion loss occurs spontaneously and to compare them with those induced by covering 1 eye and with strategies used to recover fusion.

Prospective study of a patient cohort referred to our laboratory.

Thirteen patients with typical findings of intermittent exotropia who experienced frequent spontaneous loss of fusion.

The position of each eye was recorded with a video eye tracker under infrared illumination while fixating on a small central near target.

Eye position and peak velocity measured during spontaneous loss of fusion, shutter-induced loss of fusion, and recovery of fusion.

In 10 of 13 subjects, the eye movement made after spontaneous loss of fusion was indistinguishable from that induced by covering 1 eye. It reached 90% of full amplitude in a mean of 1.75 seconds. Peak velocity of the deviating eye's movement was highly correlated for spontaneous and shutter-induced events. Peak velocity was also proportional to exotropia amplitude. Recovery of fusion was more rapid than loss of fusion, and often was accompanied by interjection of a disconjugate saccade.

Loss of fusion in intermittent exotropia is not influenced by visual feedback. Excessive divergence tone may be responsible, but breakdown of alignment occurs via a unique, pathological type of eye movement that differs from a normal, physiological divergence eye movement.