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Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
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Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
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Heterogeneity in mantle carbon content from CO2-undersaturated basalts.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Geophysics
  • Petrology

Background:

  • Mantle carbon influences Earth's melting dynamics, volcanic activity, and atmospheric evolution through outgassing.
  • Quantifying mantle carbon is challenging due to magma degassing during volcanic eruptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine undegassed carbon concentrations in the upper mantle.
  • To investigate the heterogeneity of carbon abundance in the Earth's mantle.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of olivine-hosted melt inclusions from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
  • Utilizing correlations between carbon dioxide (CO2) and trace elements to estimate carbon abundance.

Main Results:

  • Revealed highly heterogeneous upper mantle carbon content, varying by nearly two orders of magnitude globally.
  • Established a method to define average carbon abundance using CO2 and trace element correlations.

Conclusions:

  • Upper mantle carbon heterogeneity significantly impacts melt fraction, CO2 fluxes, and lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary depth.
  • This heterogeneity has profound implications for understanding mid-ocean ridge processes and mantle conductivity.