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Bone creep-fatigue damage accumulation.

W E Caler1, D R Carter

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, CA 94305.

Journal of Biomechanics
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Human bone fracture is influenced by both time-dependent and cycle-dependent damage. Fatigue testing reveals load frequency impacts cycles to failure but not total time, with differing fracture surfaces under tension versus compression.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Biomechanics
  • Skeletal Biology

Background:

  • Human femoral cortical bone is a complex biological composite.
  • Understanding bone fracture mechanics is crucial for orthopedic applications.
  • Existing models for bone fracture may not fully capture creep and fatigue interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the creep and fatigue behavior of human femoral cortical bone.
  • To compare experimental results with a cumulative damage model for bone fracture.
  • To elucidate the influence of load frequency and loading modes (tension, compression, reversed) on bone failure.

Main Methods:

  • Performed creep and fatigue tests on human femoral cortical bone specimens.
  • Conducted fatigue tests under tensile, compressive, and reversed loading conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Varied load frequencies (2 Hz and 0.02 Hz) to assess frequency-dependent effects.

    • Main Results:

    • Load frequency significantly affected the number of cycles to failure but not the total time to failure.
    • Human bone exhibited poor creep-fracture properties in both tension and compression.
    • Tensile creep and compressive creep specimens showed distinct fracture surface characteristics.
    • Tensile cyclic loading appeared to cause primarily time-dependent damage, while compressive loading caused primarily cycle-dependent damage.

    Conclusions:

    • Bone fracture is influenced by a combination of time-dependent and cycle-dependent damage mechanisms.
    • A simple summation of time-dependent and cycle-dependent damage may underestimate failure time under complex loading histories.
    • Further refinement of cumulative damage models is needed to accurately predict bone fracture under varied loading conditions.