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Related Experiment Videos

Discrete normal plantar stress variations with running speed.

T S Gross1, R P Bunch

  • 1Converse Biomechanics Laboratory, North Reading, MA 01864.

Journal of Biomechanics
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

This study measured foot pressure during running, finding higher stresses under the heel, second metatarsal, and big toe as speed increased. These findings offer insights into running biomechanics and injury prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Locomotion Analysis
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Understanding plantar foot pressure distribution is crucial for analyzing running biomechanics.
  • Previous research has not fully detailed the kinetic descriptors of force distribution during shod distance running.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify normal discrete stress distribution beneath the plantar foot surface during shod distance running.
  • To investigate the effect of running speed on peak stress and loading rates in different foot regions.

Main Methods:

  • Ten rearfoot striking runners were monitored while running on a treadmill at three different speeds (2.98, 3.58, and 4.47 m/s).
  • Eight piezoceramic transducers were placed inside the subjects' left shoes to record normal discrete stresses.

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  • Analysis focused on stress distribution beneath the calcaneus, metatarsal heads, and hallux.

    • Main Results:

    • Mean peak stress significantly increased under the calcaneus, second metatarsal head, and hallux with increasing running speed (from 2.98 to 4.47 m/s).
    • Calcaneal stresses exhibited rapid loading rates, averaging 10.1 kPa/(ms) at 3.58 m/s.
    • The highest stresses were consistently measured beneath the second and third metatarsal heads and the hallux.

    Conclusions:

    • Running at higher speeds significantly elevates stress in the posterior and forefoot regions of the plantar surface.
    • The distribution of stress, particularly under the metatarsal heads, requires consideration of the force-bearing surface area for a complete force analysis.
    • Findings provide valuable data for understanding running-related injuries and optimizing footwear design.