Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

612
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
612
Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

338
Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
338
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

373
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
373
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

598
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
598
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:22

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2.4K
COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
2.4K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

3.6K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Executive summary of the Hellenic Atherosclerosis Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemias - 2023.

Atherosclerosis plus·2024
Same author

Evolocumab use in Greece is associated with early and sustainable reductions in low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) and high persistence to therapy: Results from the Greek cohort analysis of the observational HEYMANS study.

Hellenic journal of cardiology : HJC = Hellenike kardiologike epitheorese·2023
Same author

Protection against stroke with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

European journal of neurology·2019
Same author

Effects of evolving lipid-lowering drugs on carbohydrate metabolism.

Diabetes research and clinical practice·2017
Same author

Hypokalemia-induced cardiac arrest in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient.

Hippokratia·2017
Same author

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and protection against stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetes & metabolism·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

A High-Throughput Luciferase Assay to Evaluate Proteolysis of the Single-Turnover Protease PCSK9
08:14

A High-Throughput Luciferase Assay to Evaluate Proteolysis of the Single-Turnover Protease PCSK9

Published on: August 28, 2018

8.6K

PCSK9 in chronic kidney disease.

P Pavlakou1, E Liberopoulos2, E Dounousi3

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45 110, Ioannina, Greece.

International Urology and Nephrology
|January 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) levels are elevated in nephrotic syndrome and peritoneal dialysis patients. Further research is needed on PCSK9 inhibitors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) management.

Keywords:
Chronic kidney diseaseEnd-stage renal diseaseHemodialysisNephrotic syndromePCSK9Peritoneal dialysisProtein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9Renal transplantation

More Related Videos

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

16.7K
5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
08:50

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat

Published on: July 3, 2013

24.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

A High-Throughput Luciferase Assay to Evaluate Proteolysis of the Single-Turnover Protease PCSK9
08:14

A High-Throughput Luciferase Assay to Evaluate Proteolysis of the Single-Turnover Protease PCSK9

Published on: August 28, 2018

8.6K
Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

16.7K
5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
08:50

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat

Published on: July 3, 2013

24.4K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves metabolic dysregulations, including unique lipid abnormalities.
  • Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors represent a new therapeutic class for dyslipidemia.
  • The role of PCSK9 in kidney disease and as a cardiovascular risk marker in CKD is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing evidence on PCSK9 levels in various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • To explore the association between PCSK9 levels and kidney function, including proteinuria and estimated GFR.
  • To examine PCSK9 levels in different CKD patient groups: nephrotic syndrome, non-dialysis CKD, end-stage renal disease, and kidney transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive online literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE database.
  • Articles investigating PCSK9 in all aspects of CKD were identified.
  • References from relevant studies were screened for supplementary articles.

Main Results:

  • PCSK9 levels increase in nephrotic syndrome, correlating positively with proteinuria.
  • No correlation was found between PCSK9 levels and estimated GFR in CKD patients.
  • Peritoneal dialysis patients exhibit higher PCSK9 levels compared to hemodialysis, renal transplant patients, and the general population.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence suggests a link between PCSK9 levels and kidney function.
  • Current data on PCSK9 inhibitor use in CKD patients is lacking.
  • Further research is required to elucidate the role of PCSK9 and its inhibitors in CKD.