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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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Fertility on the US-Mexico border.

C W Warren, R S Monteith, J T Johnson

    Journal of Biosocial Science
    |October 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary

    Fertility differences across US-Mexico border populations are mainly driven by contraceptive use. While lactation, marriage, and contraception impact fertility in Mexican groups, effective contraception is key for lower fertility in Anglo-American and Mexican-American groups.

    Keywords:
    AmericasComparative StudiesContraceptionContraceptive Usage--determinantsCultural BackgroundDemographic FactorsDeveloped CountriesDeveloping CountriesEthnic GroupsFamily PlanningFertilityFertility DeterminantsHispanicsIntermediate VariablesLatin AmericaMexicoModels, TheoreticalNorth AmericaNorthern AmericaPopulationPopulation CharacteristicsPopulation DynamicsResearch MethodologyResearch ReportStudiesUnited StatesWhites

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    Area of Science:

    • Demography
    • Sociology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Fertility rates vary significantly across populations.
    • Understanding the proximate determinants of fertility is crucial for public health and demographic studies.
    • The US-Mexico border region presents a unique demographic landscape for fertility analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the relative importance of proximate determinants of fertility in five populations along the US-Mexico border.
    • To apply Bongaarts' model to understand fertility variations in diverse cultural and socioeconomic groups.
    • To identify key factors influencing fertility differentials between Mexican, Mexican-American, and Anglo-American populations.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized Bongaarts' model as a framework for analysis.
    • Examined proximate determinants including lactation, contraception use, and proportion married.
    • Compared fertility patterns across five distinct populations: two in Mexico and three in the US (including Mexican-American and Anglo-American groups).

    Main Results:

    • In Mexican populations, lactation, contraception, and marriage moderately affected fertility.
    • For Anglo-Americans, contraceptive use was the primary inhibitor of fertility, more so than marriage.
    • Mexican-American groups showed intermediate levels of contraceptive use, significantly impacting fertility.
    • Differences in effective contraceptive use were the principal drivers of fertility rate variations among the studied populations.

    Conclusions:

    • Bongaarts' model effectively explains fertility differentials in the studied populations.
    • Contraceptive use is a critical determinant of fertility levels, particularly in lower-fertility groups.
    • Sociocultural and socioeconomic factors influence proximate determinants, leading to observed fertility variations.