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Updated: Mar 8, 2026
09:01
An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Published on: December 10, 2013
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in Children
Dustin K Smith1, Sajeewane Seales1, Carol Budzik1
1Naval Hospital Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
American Family Physician
|January 14, 2017
Summary
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes bronchiolitis in infants. Diagnosis is clinical, and treatment focuses on supportive care, with specific guidelines for high-risk infants receiving immunoprophylaxis.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Bronchiolitis is a frequent lower respiratory tract infection in young children.
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary etiological agent.
- Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the diagnosis and management of RSV bronchiolitis.
- To highlight the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline updates.
- To emphasize evidence-based treatment and prevention strategies.
Main Methods:
- Clinical diagnosis remains central to bronchiolitis management.
- Diagnostic testing is generally not recommended.
- Treatment focuses on supportive care, including supplemental oxygen and fluid management.
Main Results:
- Bronchodilators, epinephrine, corticosteroids, hypertonic saline, and antibiotics are not typically effective.
- Supplemental oxygen is recommended for adequate oxygen saturation.
- Intravenous or nasogastric fluids are crucial for infants with hydration issues.
Conclusions:
- Parental education on infection prevention is vital.
- Immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab is recommended for high-risk infants.
- Guidelines for palivizumab are specific to premature infants, those with chronic lung disease, and significant heart conditions.
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