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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
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Oxidative C-H/C-H Coupling Reactions between Two (Hetero)arenes.

Yudong Yang¹, Jingbo Lan¹, Jingsong You¹

¹Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.

Chemical Reviews

|January 14, 2017

Summary

Transition metal catalysis enables direct C-H/C-H coupling of (hetero)arenes to efficiently build complex bi(hetero)aryl structures. This review covers methods, mechanisms, and applications in synthesizing valuable molecules and materials.

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Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Catalysis
Materials Science

Background:

Bi(hetero)aryls are crucial structural motifs in pharmaceuticals, materials, and ligands.
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation offers direct synthetic routes to complex molecules.
Oxidative C-H/C-H coupling provides an efficient strategy for bi(hetero)aryl synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively review transition metal-mediated oxidative C-H/C-H coupling reactions between (hetero)arenes.
To discuss the scope, limitations, mechanisms, and selectivity of these coupling reactions.
To highlight applications in natural product synthesis and organic functional materials.

Main Methods:

Review of transition metal-catalyzed oxidative C-H/C-H coupling reactions.
Analysis of substrate scope, reaction mechanisms, and selectivity control.
Discussion of oxidant- and Lewis acid-mediated Ar-H/Ar-H coupling.

Main Results:

Detailed overview of diverse transition metal-catalyzed C-H/C-H coupling methodologies.
Exploration of regioselectivity and chemoselectivity in bi(hetero)aryl formation.
Examples of applications in synthesizing natural products and novel materials.

Conclusions:

Transition metal-mediated C-H/C-H coupling is a powerful tool for constructing bi(hetero)aryls.
These methods facilitate rapid access to valuable compounds for pharmaceutical and material science.
Further development promises new applications in organic synthesis.