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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
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Consider an isolated system in which a hot object is placed in contact with a cold one. This is an irreversible process that eventually leads both objects to reach the same equilibrium temperature. It is crucial to note that the constituents of any substance exhibit increased disorder at higher temperatures. As a cold substance absorbs heat, its constituents become more disordered. The energy transfer from a hotter object to a cooler one increases the system's disorder or randomness. This...
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Statistical entropy of open quantum systems.

L M M Durão1, A O Caldeira1

  • 1Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-859, SP, Brazil.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores the Maximum Entropy Formalism for dissipative quantum systems. It finds that even popular nonextensive entropies can lead to incorrect thermodynamic results in these complex systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Dissipative quantum systems are commonly modeled using the system-plus-reservoir approach.
  • Understanding the thermodynamic properties of these systems is crucial for quantum technologies.
  • Nonextensive statistical mechanics may be required due to system-reservoir coupling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply the Maximum Entropy Formalism to dissipative quantum systems.
  • To compare thermodynamic properties derived from this formalism with established methods.
  • To investigate the suitability of nonextensive parameter-dependent informational entropies for describing these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the Maximum Entropy Formalism.
  • Employing nonextensive parameter-dependent informational entropies.
  • Comparing derived thermodynamic properties with those from conventional system-plus-reservoir models.

Main Results:

  • The Maximum Entropy Formalism was applied to dissipative quantum systems.
  • Thermodynamic properties were compared between the Maximum Entropy Formalism and established approaches.
  • A counterexample was identified where popular nonextensive entropies yielded incorrect results.

Conclusions:

  • The Maximum Entropy Formalism offers an alternative framework for dissipative quantum systems.
  • Careful selection of informational entropies is critical for consistent thermodynamics.
  • Certain popular nonextensive entropy forms are inadequate for describing these systems accurately.