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Comparison between thermodynamic work and heat in autonomous quantum systems.

Y Y Xu1

  • 1Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.

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This study defines work and heat in quantum thermodynamics, distinguishing them by their effect on energy resource entropy and adherence to the Jarzynski equality for autonomous quantum systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Distinguishing work and heat is a key challenge in quantum thermodynamics, especially for autonomous quantum systems.
  • Existing definitions may not adequately capture the nuances of energy transfer in these systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate novel definitions for work and heat in autonomous quantum systems.
  • To establish a consistency condition between these definitions.
  • To investigate entropy production based on the proposed definitions.

Main Methods:

  • Defining work as energy that does not alter the entropy of the energy resource and satisfies the Jarzynski equality.
  • Defining heat based on the complementary criteria.
  • Analyzing entropy production through the lens of the proposed work definition.
  • Utilizing a model study for verification.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct definitions for work and heat are proposed and validated.
  • A consistency condition linking the two definitions is derived.
  • The proposed definitions provide a framework for investigating entropy production.

Conclusions:

  • The study offers a clear distinction between work and heat in quantum thermodynamics for autonomous systems.
  • The proposed definitions and consistency condition advance the understanding of energy transfer and entropy production.
  • A model study confirms the validity of the theoretical proposal.