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This summary is machine-generated.

This study examines bubble nucleation and growth dynamics in fluids under negative pressure. Transient effects significantly alter bubble size distributions, replacing power-law tails with exponential ones, especially in viscous fluids.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding bubble nucleation and growth is crucial for various physical and chemical processes.
  • Previous models often assumed distinct time scales for nucleation and growth, potentially oversimplifying complex dynamics.
  • Negative pressure conditions introduce unique challenges in modeling cavitation phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the kinetics of nucleation and growth of empty bubbles in incompressible fluids under negative pressure.
  • To incorporate transient effects and inertial influences (Rayleigh-Plesset equation) into the Zeldovich framework.
  • To analyze the impact of these factors on bubble size distributions and the overall cavitation process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a generalized Zeldovich framework for nucleation kinetics.
  • Employed transient matched asymptotic solutions for viscous nucleation.
  • Integrated inertial effects via the Rayleigh-Plesset equation for bubble growth dynamics.
  • Performed numerical solutions and compared them with analytical findings.

Main Results:

  • Transient effects blur the separation between nucleation and growth time scales, increasing their significance.
  • In viscous fluids, a time-dependent exponential tail replaces the conventional power-law tail in bubble size distributions.
  • Inertial effects in low-viscosity fluids restrict these exponential distributions to nanometer scales.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights the critical role of transient dynamics in bubble nucleation and growth under negative pressure.
  • Bubble size distributions exhibit distinct behaviors in viscous versus low-viscosity fluids due to differing nucleation kinetics and inertial effects.
  • Findings have implications for understanding cavitation phenomena in diverse liquid systems, from glycerin-like fluids to water and mercury.