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Function of Platelet-Induced Epithelial Attachment at Titanium Surfaces Inhibits Microbial Colonization.

M Maeno1,2, C Lee1, D M Kim3

  • 11 Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

Journal of Dental Research
|January 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows that a platelet-induced epithelial sheet on modified titanium surfaces effectively prevents bacterial attachment and invasion, crucial for combating peri-implantitis. This novel barrier offers a promising strategy for dental implant applications.

Keywords:
basement membranebiomaterial(s)dental abutmentdental implant(s)peri-implant infection(s)wound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Peri-implantitis, a common complication of dental implants, arises from bacterial invasion due to inadequate epithelial sealing and basal lamina (BL) attachment.
  • Current surface modifications for titanium implants have not successfully prevented bacterial infection clinically.
  • Previous research demonstrated that protease-activated receptor 4-activating peptide (PAR4-AP) modification of titanium promotes platelet activation and epithelial sheet formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the barrier function of platelet-induced epithelial sheets on titanium surfaces against bacterial invasion.
  • To test the hypothesis that platelet-induced epithelial sheets on PAR4-AP-modified titanium reduce bacterial attachment, penetration, and invasion.
  • To assess the potential of this approach in preventing peri-implantitis.

Main Methods:

  • Titanium surfaces were modified with PAR4-AP and incubated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to induce platelet aggregation and collagen IV release.
  • Human gingival epithelial cells were seeded onto the modified titanium surfaces to form epithelial sheets.
  • Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Escherichia coli was used to challenge surfaces with and without epithelial sheets to assess bacterial adhesion and invasion.

Main Results:

  • Platelet aggregation on PAR4-AP-modified titanium surfaces released collagen IV, a key component of the basal lamina.
  • Epithelial sheets successfully formed on the PAR4-AP-modified titanium surfaces.
  • Significantly fewer Escherichia coli adhered to titanium surfaces with epithelial sheets compared to those without.
  • No bacterial invasion was observed beneath the epithelial sheets on the modified titanium surface.

Conclusions:

  • Platelet-induced epithelial sheets on PAR4-AP-modified titanium surfaces create an effective barrier against bacterial attachment, penetration, and invasion.
  • This in vitro study demonstrates the potential of this biomimetic approach to prevent peri-implantitis.
  • The findings suggest a promising new strategy for enhancing the clinical success of titanium dental implants.