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Related Concept Videos

Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

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Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
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In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division...
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Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

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Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
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Mitosis and Cytokinesis02:03

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In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
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Mitosis and Cytokinesis01:35

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In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
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The Phragmoplast01:59

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Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Label-free Isolation and Enrichment of Cells Through Contactless Dielectrophoresis
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Shining a Light on Phase Separation in the Cell.

Giulia Paci1, Edward A Lemke1

  • 1Structural and Computational Biology Unit and Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Cell
|January 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new optogenetic tool to study protein phase separation in cells. This method allows detailed observation of cellular organization and disease mechanisms with precise control.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Protein phase separation is crucial for cellular organization.
  • Dysregulation of phase separation is implicated in various diseases.
  • Understanding phase separation dynamics is essential for cell biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel optogenetic tool for studying protein phase separation.
  • To enable assessment of different phase-space regimes within living cells.
  • To investigate transition paths between these regimes with high spatiotemporal resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new optogenetic tool.
  • Application of the tool in living cells.
  • Spatiotemporal control over phase separation dynamics.

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Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems
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Preparation of Primary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells in Different Cell Cycle Phases by Centrifugal Elutriation

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 8, 2026

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Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems
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Main Results:

  • The tool allows for the assessment of different phase-space regimes.
  • Transition paths between regimes can be studied.
  • Unprecedented spatiotemporal control over protein phase separation was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The novel optogenetic tool provides a powerful method for studying protein phase separation.
  • This technology advances the understanding of cellular organization and disease mechanisms.
  • Future research can leverage this tool to explore complex cellular processes.