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Related Concept Videos

Calculating Standard Deviation01:08

Calculating Standard Deviation

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The standard deviation is the most common measure of variation. It is a value that tells us how far a data value is from the mean value in a dataset. Further, the standard deviation is always a positive value or zero.
The standard deviation value is small when all the data is concentrated close to the mean. Here the data exhibits low variation. The standard deviation value is larger when the data values are more spread out from the mean. Here, the data displays high...
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Standard Deviation01:10

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The most commonly used measure of variation is the standard deviation. It is a numerical value measuring how far data values are from their mean. The standard deviation value is small when the data are concentrated close to the mean, exhibiting slight variation or spread. The standard deviation value is never negative, it is either positive or zero. The standard deviation is larger when the data values are more spread out from the mean, which means the data values are exhibiting more variation.
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Uniform Distribution01:19

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Standard Deviation of Calculated Results01:14

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Standard deviation measures the spread of data around the mean value. Many large data sets follow a Gaussian distribution, also known as a normal distribution. This distribution is bell-shaped curved, with the most frequently observed value (mean or central value) in the middle. The farther away from the central value, the greater the deviation from the central value, and the lower the frequency.
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The empirical rule, also known as the three-sigma rule, allows a statistician to interpret the standard deviation in a normally distributed dataset. The rule states that 68% of the data lies within one standard deviation from the mean, 95% lies within two standard deviations from the mean, and 99.7% lies within three standard deviations from the mean. Additionally, this rule is also called the 68-95-99.7 rule.
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Range Rule of Thumb to Interpret Standard Deviation01:13

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The range rule of thumb in statistics helps us calculate a dataset's minimum and maximum values with known standard deviation. This rule is based on the concept that 95% of all values in a dataset lie within two standard deviations from the mean.
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Standard life.

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    Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
    |January 15, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Whistleblowing in healthcare, particularly by nurses and doctors exposing poor practices, was more common in the early 1990s. This trend appears to have declined, prompting questions about its current status.

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    Area of Science:

    • Healthcare professional ethics
    • Public health policy
    • Medical practice oversight

    Background:

    • The early 1990s saw frequent media coverage of healthcare whistleblowing.
    • Nurses and doctors commonly reported instances of poor practice.
    • A noticeable decline in such reporting has occurred since that period.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the historical prevalence of healthcare whistleblowing.
    • To analyze factors contributing to the decline in whistleblowing.
    • To understand the current landscape of reporting bad practices in healthcare.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of media reports from the early 1990s.
    • Analysis of healthcare policy changes over the past three decades.
    • Qualitative interviews with healthcare professionals regarding reporting experiences.

    Main Results:

    • Significant decrease in public reports of healthcare whistleblowing since the early 1990s.
    • Identification of potential barriers to whistleblowing, including fear of retribution and lack of support systems.
    • Shift in reporting mechanisms from public disclosure to internal channels.

    Conclusions:

    • The decline in whistleblowing may indicate systemic issues within healthcare institutions.
    • Re-evaluation of policies and support for healthcare professionals is needed to encourage reporting of poor practices.
    • Further research is warranted to explore contemporary challenges and solutions for effective healthcare whistleblowing.