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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...
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Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

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In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Study Corneal Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition
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Deptor: not only a mTOR inhibitor.

Valeria Catena1, Maurizio Fanciulli2

  • 1SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy. valeria.catena@ifo.gov.it.

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR
|January 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deptor protein regulates cell growth and homeostasis by inhibiting mTOR kinase activity. Its dual role as an oncogene or oncosuppressor in cancer highlights its complex functions and therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
CancerCancer therapyDeptorER homeostasismTOR

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Deptor is a protein that inhibits the kinase activity of mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes.
  • It plays a role in cell growth, apoptosis, autophagy, and ER stress response, maintaining cellular homeostasis.
  • Recent findings link Deptor to chromatin and transcriptional regulation, impacting endoplasmic reticulum activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding Deptor's functions and regulation.
  • To explore Deptor's dual role as an oncogene or oncosuppressor in various cellular contexts.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting Deptor or its interaction with mTOR for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Deptor's transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.
  • Analysis of Deptor's involvement in different cancer cell types.
  • Discussion of potential therapeutic compounds targeting Deptor-mTOR interactions.

Main Results:

  • Deptor's multifaceted roles in cellular processes are increasingly recognized.
  • Deptor's function can be context-dependent, acting as either an oncogene or oncosuppressor.
  • Understanding Deptor's regulation is crucial for deciphering its role in cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Deptor is a key regulator of cellular homeostasis with implications in cancer.
  • Targeting Deptor or its interaction with mTOR presents a promising avenue for novel cancer therapies.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate Deptor's complex roles and therapeutic potential.